Dr. Susan Karol, MD, is presently the Chief Medical Officer of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Division of Tribal Affairs and the former Chief Medical Officer for the Indian Health Service (IHS) from 2008 until 2017. Under Dr. Karol’s leadership, 100% of IHS federal birthing hospitals became Baby-Friendly designated by December, 2014. IHS is the principal federal health care provider for American Indians and Alaska Natives. A member of the Tuscarora Indian Nation, Dr. Karol has also served as the Medical Director of The Hunt Breast Center, Hunt Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts, and, from 1996 to 2008, as Chief of Surgery at Beverly Hospital, in Beverly, Massachusetts. She is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons and a Diplomat for the American Board of Surgery.